THE EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT ON WORK FACILITY OF COCO BRISTLE PROCESS TO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

One of improvements on health and safety can be carried out by the improvement on work facilities used by workers during the production process. This research was conducted in one of manufacture of coco bristel which the machines are not designed ergonomically. Work posture of the worker are in standing position during the processing of coco bristle and the body position is bending that can causes fatigue at the back and spine. On the other hand, the coco bristle machine is not ergonomically designed to maintain security as workers shrink the outer shell of coir. Pulling velocity of coconut husk by spinning pliers may result in hand drawn towards the nail. Therefore, this research is needed to carried out in order to re-design the coco bristel machine so that workers can work more healthily and safely. The method used in this research is work posture asessment by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and anthropometric concept to re-design coco bristle machine. The results show that the actual machine design gives a REBA score of 6 indicating that mprovement of work posture is in need of improvement. The improvement is carried out by redesign of the machine through consideration to the most dominant body dimension influenced the work of making coco bristel. These dimensions are the height of the elbows at standing position, hand reach, and hand grip. This improved machine design resulted in a smaller REBA score by two points than before which means that the spinal position tends to be in a more healthier position than before. As for the safety of using the machine, hand protection is added based on the dimension of hand grip. The results of this study indicate that there is a strong relationship between the machine design and size dimensions of the worker's body with the level of security and health in the work

Implementation of Macro Ergonomic Participatory In Physical Work Environment: A Literature Review

All types of work must have potential hazards in the work, namely work-related illnesses or work accidents. The level of potential occupational hazard is influenced by the type of production activity, the technology used, the materials used, the design and construction environment, and the quality of management and workers. Musculoskeletal disorders, caused not only by aging but also by unergonomic settings of the equipment used, are one of the frequent occupational diseases caused by worker-job mismatch. This study aims to review the participatory macroergonomics literature based on the collected references on the development and application of creating ergonomic physical work environments. Participatory methods are methods that aim to find solutions agreed upon by managers, workers and ergonomics experts, and the result of this research is the ergonomic design of work environments

Pengalokasian Tenaga Kerja dengan Human Factor Engineering di PT. Pelindo I

Indonesia Port Corporation I (PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I (Persero)) or PT. Pelindo I is one of the Indonesian state-owned enterprises which manages port services in western Indonesia. Shipyard unit (Unit Galangan Kapal (UGK)) is a branch of PT. Pelindo I. At present, a problem arises if more than 2 ships are being repaired at once in the unit, UGK scheduling overlaps the repairing activities. In order to solve the problem, study of human factor is important. Human factor is the study of the limitations, capabilities, and human behavior, as well as its interaction with the product, environment, equipment and the establishment of tasks and activities. One part of the human factor is the human factor in system design. In order to improve the effectiveness of the system, the human factor must be involved in each phase of the design process in the system design. This includes a number of activities to obtain input specification work, therefore the working methods and the optimal amount of labor can be determined. Human factors engineering is the application of science that utilizes research on the human factor and use the basic knowledge to design, to repair and to install the system. This research method is causal, searching for the causes which led to delays in the completion of ship repairing. Through human factor engineering approach to the allocation of labor increased by 12.23 per cent of the actual conditions, so that the delay of ship repair were not found during normal conditions

Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design for Optimizing the Work Environment : A Literature Review

The purpose of this literature is to understand the application of macroergonomics in various fields. Macroergonomics is the study of work systems which include organizational structures (complexity, formalization, centralization, policies, and processes) with a socio-technical approach used to improve work systems. The method used is a thematic analysis of articles on the application of macroergonomics in various industries. Based on the results of the article review, the process of implementing macroergonomics is analysis, design, implementation, control, and evaluation. All review articles carry out macro ergonomics analysis and design within the scope of the work system as a whole but do not intervene in all factors/problems. The reviewed articles show that the intervention is carried out only on a few factors, where human and organizational factors are always involved. The application of macroergonomics can achieve many goals at once that are beneficial to organizations, workers, and even consumers. The highest frequency of macro ergonomics objectives in consecutive review articles was: quality, occupational health, safety, work existence, productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness

Driver Behaviour at Signalized Intersection Literature Review

Traffic accidents are one of the highest causes of death in the world, with human behavior being the most dominant factor. Therefore, it is necessary to understand driver behavior as a traffic accident mitigation strategy. This paper aims to understand the behavior of drivers at signaled intersections and to overcome the deviant behavior. The behavior of the driver at the intersection is to stop or cross the intersection. Crossing at an intersection at a red light is deviant behavior. This deviation can occur as violation due to driver aggression or error due to a dilemma when the light is yellow. The influencing factors are personal, speed, acceleration, distance, the presence of other vehicles, and others. The main countermeasure for deviant behavior at intersections is law enforcement, such as the installation of red light cameras. In addition, the behavior of drivers at intersections can be used as a reference in the design of safer intersections

MICROLEAKAGE OF SAUCER-SHAPED CLASS II COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATION: KEBOCORAN MIKRO PADA RESTORASI KLAS II RESIN KOMPOSIT BERBENTUK SAUCER

Filling techniques influence in reducing polymerization shrinkage which cause microleakage. Besides, the use of matricesalso contributes to achieve good marginal ridge. This study was aimed to examine the effect of filling techniques and theuse of matrices on microleakage of saucer-shaped Class II restorations. Mandibular premolar specimens were prepared insaucer-shaped cavity design, then they were divided into eight groups according to filling techniques (bulk orincremental), the use of matrices (circumferential or sectional), and whether load was provided or not. Specimens wereimmersed in saline for 24 hours, then thermocycled, later immersed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. Micro gap wasmeasured by scoring dye penetration in specimens that were sectioned mesio-distally under a stereomicroscope with 20xmagnification. Furthermore, visual analysis was performed under Scanning Electron Microscope to examine themicroleakage in details. Statistical analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test demonstrated that bulk andincremental filling techniques were not significantly different in microleakage (p> 0.05). This study also demonstratedthat the use of matrices was significantly different in microleakage in different filling techniques (p< 0.05), whether loadwas provided or not. This study showed that the use of matrices was important in reducing the microleakage in saucershapedClass II restorations

PERBAIKAN METODE KERJA PENGANTONGAN SEMEN MENGGUNAKAN PETA TANGAN KIRI DAN KANAN

PT. X merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa pengantongan semen dan produk yang dihasilkan adalah Semen Portland Pozzolan 50 kg. Masalah yang dihadapi perusahaan adalah kemampuan produksi semen yang lebih rendah dari permintaan semen. Analisis dilakukan terhadap komponen sistem kerja yaitu manusia, bahan baku, mesin, dan lingkungan kerja. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor manusia yaitu pada metode kerja yang berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan produksi semen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan rancangan perbaikan metode kerja pada stasiun pengantongan semen agar waktu pengerjaan produk menjadi lebih singkat sehingga jumlah produksi semen meningkat. Rancangan perbaikan metode kerja dilakukan melalui Peta Tangan Kiri dan Tangan kanan agar sesuai Prinsip Ekonomi Gerakan. Penerapan Peta Tangan Kiri dan Kanan usulan pada stasiun pengantongan semen menghasilkan penurunan waktu siklus sebesar 3,2 detik atau 44% dan kenaikan jumlah produksi sebanyak 16,8 ton/operator. Kata kunci : Metode Kerja, Peta Tangan Kiri dan Kanan

Development of Adaptive Model for Thermal Comfort in Hot and Humid Climate

豊橋技術科学大

Ergonomic analysis through good manufacturing practice (gmp) training (case: Binjai MSME)

The work environment is one of the most important factors in production. In this paper, a study was conducted on the work environment in MSMEs to determine the safety and health of the work environment in producing products. Specifically, the study was conducted to see the deviation in the application of GMP in MSME. The subjects were 30 MSMEs involved in the research from Binjai Municipalities. This study uses a qualitative analysis method that aims to evaluate the level of application of 14 aspects of GMP and find out the understanding of MSMEs on aspects of GMP. The analysis results show that the types of products with the most considerable deviations from the GMP aspect are Bakery Products and Ready-to-Eat Snacks MSMEs. However, overall, the most urgent aspects to improve are Aspect Process control and Production Location and Environment. The deviation results can reach 100%, indicating that GMP implementation is lacking or does not apply GMP

Kajian Termal Akibat Paparan Panas dan Perbaikan Lingkungan Kerja

This study aims to analyze thermal condition and improve working environment by designed ventilation systems due to improve air circulation and reduce heat exposure occurred so that workers feel more comfortable working. This study describes the thermal conditions of work and its relation to psychological aspects operator traced through thermal questionnaires. By knowing the conditions of the proposed design is further improved ventilation system. The measurement results show that the thermal average air temperature in the formulations room was 31.7 °C and wind speed of 0.27 m/s. Heat Stress Index (HSI) in the workplace about 94.41%, which indicates the great potential of the dangers of heat stress. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index gained 27.64 °C so that the percentage of working time and rest time workers was 6.55 and 1.55 hours, where the percentage is not according to the standard. Productive work time workers only achieved ranged from (76.58 ± 5.91)%, where the figure is still below the standards of the company. Simulation with Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software shows actual workplace conditions are very hot and poorly ventilated. By conducting some simulations improvement, then found a comfortable room conditions and air circulation smoothly. Thermal comfort is finally concluded comfortable room after Cv’s room obtained exceeds 0.34 m/s in accordance with the Macfarlane theory’s